Progressive Scan

Posted in DVD & Blue Ray by Ted on January 2, 2011

Progressive Scan

Analyses of coronary artery calcium can detect early heart disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States. Approximately 50% of acute myocardial infarction occur in people with no history of coronary artery disease. Sudden cardiac death is often the first sign of coronary heart disease. Coronary atherosclerosis is a slow progression of the disease that often goes unnoticed until a person develops symptoms. By the time of onset of symptoms occurring coronary artery disease is usually in a relatively advanced stage that requires or percutaneous revascularization surgery. The opportunity to prevent disease or aggressive modification of risk factors is lost. What is needed is a way to identify people asymptomatic are at high risk of cardiovascular events early in their disease process. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are well established (levels elevated lipids, hypertension, obesity, smoking, lack of exercise, diabetes, family history of heart disease) and useful for predicting future cardiovascular disease. Many people however suffer cardiovascular events in the absence of such established coronary artery disease risk factors.

infarcts infarction usually occurs in patients with mild moderate stenosis of the coronary artery that develops and plaque rupture leading to acute thrombosis. These mild coronary lesions to moderate may not cause symptoms and / or ischemia cause enough to be picked up during a routine stress test.

During the early stages of calcium in coronary atherosclerosis begins to accumulate on the plate. As the process of atherosclerosis increases the amount of calcification increases. During the advanced stages of atherosclerosis a large amount of coronary calcification may be present.

Women have proven coronary artery calcification less than men and the prevalence average calcification in women occurs about a decade later than men, as the incidence of cardiovascular events. The prevalence of calcium in adults 30 to 39 years old is 21% for men and 11% for women, while in adults 40 to 49 years of age the prevalence is 44% in men and 23% in women. A recent study found that coronary calcium scores were similar in African American and Caucasian women despite the fact that African American women had more risk factors. Diabetes mellitus and not exercising regularly was associated with increased coronary artery calcium scores of white women, but not black women. The overall prevalence of calcium in women is approximately half of men until the age of sixty. Another study in asymptomatic women found that smoking, elevated total cholesterol, and hypertension were all associated with higher scores of coronary artery calcium. Deposits Calcium has also been found to increase with age, regardless of gender. Patients with diabetes and patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis have a higher prevalence of calcium. Cardiovascular risk factors a person has a higher prevalence of calcium.

Atherosclerosis is the process of only disease known to cause calcium to deposit on the walls of the coronary arteries. Calcification is a degenerative disease, is not a part of the "normal" aging. Calcium is not found in normal coronary arteries.

Since calcium deposits begin to develop in the early stages of atherosclerosis and if we can identify the presence of calcium that can identify preclinical coronary artery disease during the asymptomatic phase. This may allow the application of early aggressive risk factor reduction.

Calcium score screening heart scan is a noninvasive test that detects deposits calcium in the coronary artery walls. The test is performed with a cat scanning electron beam (electron beam), which allows very fast scanning. The images are triggered with the assistance of ECG monitoring during diastole and a second breath hold to eliminate several motion artifacts. The scan only takes a few Software thirty seconds and then quantifying the calcium area and density.

The electron beam detects the presence, location and extent of calcium deposits in the coronary system. Separate calcium scores can be obtained from the left main artery, left anterior descending artery, circumflex left and right coronary artery, but the total calcium score is very important. The electron beam can detect tiny deposits of calcium that is what is usually present with coronary artery disease. The presence of coronary calcification means coronary artery disease. People with low total calcium scores have a lower cardiovascular risk than scores.

calcium scores ranging from zero (no plaque) to several thousands (large plate) and is a measure without units calculated for the entire coronary system. A calcium score of zero indicates the absence of calcium and a very low likelihood of obstructive coronary disease. A calcium score above 400 means extensive calcification and a high probability of significant coronary artery disease. (See chart Avg calcium) These people must undergo a re-assessment with stress test or nuclear stress test for myocardial ischemia. The higher the total score the greater the plaque burden. people asymptomatic with a calcium score intermediate require comprehensive risk assessment and modification of individual risk factors. A person's age and gender should be taken into account when assessing the results of the calcium score. A calcium score of 175 can be through a man of 65, but very abnormal for a 55 years.

The calcium score analysis can not identify the location of a lesion of significant coronary artery or to identify the percentage of stenosis. The amount of calcium in the coronary arteries predicts that the total atherosclerotic plaque mass and the likelihood of developing future cardiovascular events. coronary calcium has been reported an independent predictor of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and the need for coronary revascularization. A study in asymptomatic adults 20 to 69 years of age found that in 18 months follow-up of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality was 6.6% in people who had some calcium in exploration vs. 0.9% in people without any calcium. There is a direct relationship between calcium scores and increasing occurrence of adverse events. The asymptomatic people with very high calcium scores (> 1000) have been found to have a risk approximately 25% per year of developing a heart attack death cardiovascular. A recent study of asymptomatic adults 45 years of age with at least one cardiovascular risk factor found a fourfold increase in risk cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery calcium scores greater than 300. A study in symptomatic patients found that a calcium score of the arteries more than 170 heart was associated with an increased risk of obstructive coronary disease regardless of the number of risk factors.

A meta-analysis recently reported a sensitivity of 92.3% and 51.2% specificity for the accuracy of the electron beam to diagnose obstructive coronary artery disease. This makes the accuracy predicting overall approximately 70%. One advantage of the analysis is that there is no "false positive" scans, the calcium deposits are only in the presence of plaque. Interscan reliability of calcium scores has been questioned and has been reported to vary more with the lowest score. One study reported variability calcium score of 28% women and 43% in men when the scans were repeated in the same individual. This really needs to be evaluated, and may be dependent installation, the team doctor to interpret the results.

No calcified soft plaques not be detected by electron beam. The patients young people who smoke a lot, can not have calcium deposits, but still at high cardiovascular risk and prone to spasm and thrombus formation. It has been some research suggesting that patients with unstable angina are likely to have fewer calcified plaques than patients with stable angina. The patients young people can develop significant stenosis in the absence of calcification. This can give reassurance to people who are at high risk. There are insufficient data to analysis support the use of coronary calcium in patients symptomatic patients already know that high risk.

Coronary Calcium (EBCT) is more useful in asymptomatic patients with intermediate risk, to help determine the need for aggressive risk factor management. (See Scans coronary artery calcium box below)

Traditional non-invasive tests to assess coronary artery disease (stress test, nuclear scans, stress echocardiography) only detect coronary lesions that are severe enough to limit blood flow and cause myocardial ischemia. People with very mild coronary artery disease or atherosclerosis not to be identified early. Coronary calcium detection is able to identify mild nonobstructive coronary artery lesions before symptoms develop. asymptomatic persons with high calcium scores are also more likely to have abnormal nuclear stress tests indicative of silent ischemia. In one study, 46% of patients with scores coronary artery calcium greater than 400 had an abnormal nuclear scan, whereas 0% of patients with coronary artery calcium scores of less than 10 had an abnormal nuclear scan.

EBCT scans may prove most beneficial for screening women. Many times women are with atypical symptoms and are more likely to have false positive results of exercise and / or nuclear scans. calcium scoring scans is reported to have increased predictive value for significant coronary disease in women and fewer false positives than men. The negative predictive value in a study of symptomatic patients was 96% women and 89% in men. Women with normal lipid levels are also more likely to experience angina pectoris / myocardial infarction than men. The standard lipid profile are not always adequately reflect women's cardiovascular risk. A study of asymptomatic women over 55 years of age with normal lipid levels are elevated coronary artery calcium score. This is an area that needs to be evaluated further, but suggests that the results of coronary artery calcium may be very beneficial in evaluating cardiovascular risk profiles in women.

The indications for coronary artery calcium Discusses:
1. Family history heart disease (especially premature heart disease)
2. Smoking history
3. Hypertension
4. Obesity
5. Levels High lipid
6. Diabetes
7. Men over 40 years of age or postmenopausal women
8. Young people with atypical symptoms

Contraindications for Coronary Artery Calcium Scans:
1. Known coronary artery disease
2. People over age 70 (earnings Clinical bit)
3. Pregnant women
4. Arrhythmias (chronic atrial fibrillation, resting tachycardia - heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute) is
compromising image quality

Average calcium scores:
Men
<40 years 0
45 to 49 years of age 0
50 to 54 years of age 5
55 to 59 years of age 36
60 to 64 years of age 95
65 to 69 years of age 201
70 to 74 years old 302
> 74 years 521

Women
<40 years 0
45 to 49 years of age 0
50 to 54 years of age 0
55 to 59 years of age 0
60 to 64 years Age 0
65 to 69 years of age 8
70 to 74 years of age 28
> 74 years 149

About the Author

Carolyn Strimike is a nurse practitioner specializing in health and wellness, co-founder of Heartstrong, LLC. People make hundreds of choices every day. Heartstrong is the healthcare company that will help you make healthy well-informed decisions that will allow you to live a longer, healthier and wealthier life. Visit our website www.heart-strong.com for more info or join us on our blog http://heartstrong.wordpress.com/ or follow us on Twitter http://twitter.com/HEARTSTRONG1. Join me on LinkedIn http://www.linkedin.com/in/heartstrong

NEW Toshiba DKVR60 DVD VCR Player Combo Progressive Scan
$139.99
Time Remaining: 16d 5h 33m
Buy It Now for only: $139.99
Buy It Now

SONY DVP NS75H DVD CD PLAYER TESTED W REMOTE
$24.95
Time Remaining: 37m

Home Theater Rocks

Home Theater Ideas To Rock The House

Progressive Scan

Analyses of coronary artery calcium can detect early heart disease

Recent Posts

Categories

Home Theater Tips

Pages

Save Big On Cool Electronics

Tags